研究報告/第88号

農業・園芸総合研究所研究報告

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第88号：2021年3月発行

第88号抄録

原著

促成栽培用イチゴ新品種‘にこにこベリー’の育成と栽培特性

高山詩織,近藤誠*1,鹿野弘*2,今野誠*1,尾形和磨,高野岩雄*3,

小野寺康子*4,柴田昌人*5

（*1現大河原農業改良普及センター　*2現美里農業改良普及センター　*3元農業・園芸総合研究所　*4現亘理農業改良普及センター　*5現仙台農業改良普及センター）

Breeding of new cultivar ‘Niko niko berry’ for a forcing culture of strawberry

Shiori TAKAYAMA, Makoto KONDO, Hiroshi KANO, Makoto KONNO,

 Kazuma OGATA, Iwao TAKANO, Yasuko ONODERA and Masato SHIBATA

イチゴ新品種‘にこにこベリー’は,2005年に大果で果皮が硬く冬季の草勢が強い‘もういっこ’を子房親,早生性を有し果皮に光沢があり果実形質が優れる‘とちおとめ’を花粉親として交配し,得られた実生の中から選抜し,2017年に‘にこにこベリー’の名称で品種登録出願した。本品種の特性は,次のとおりである。草姿は立性で,厳冬期の草勢低下が少ない。頂花房の花芽分化は,‘とちおとめ’と同等かやや早い。果形は円錐形,果皮は赤色で果肉も赤色である。果形の揃いは良好で,乱形果の発生が少ない。糖度は‘とちおとめ’よりやや低く,酸度はやや高い。果実硬度は,全期間通して‘とちおとめ’と同等か硬く,春先も‘もういっこ’と同程度に硬い。収量性は高く,‘とちおとめ’より15％以上多収であった。‘にこにこベリー’のうどんこ病・炭疽病・萎黄病に対する耐病性を‘もういっこ’および‘とちおとめ’と相対比較したところ,うどんこ病に対しては‘とちおとめ’より強く‘もういっこ’と同等か強い傾向が認められ,炭疽病および萎黄病に対しては‘もういっこ’および‘とちおとめ’と同等であった。

〔キーワード〕　イチゴ,品種,促成栽培,‘にこにこベリー’,耐病性

＜Summary＞

‘Niko niko berry’ is a new strawberry cultivar released by the Miyagi Prefectural Agriculture and Horticulture Research center in 2017. It was selected from hybrid seedlings resulting from a cross carried out in 2005 between ‘Mouikko’ and ‘Tochiotome’. It has been adopted to the forcing culture in Miyagi prefecture. ‘Niko niko berry’ is easy to keep good condition in growth even in winter. The fruit shape is conical, scarlet color, good in appearance. On the other hand, the sugar content is lower than that in ‘Tochiotome’, but the acidity in the fruit is higher than that in ‘Tochiotome’. Moreover, the yield is more than 15% higher than that in ‘Tochiotome’. Regarding with diseases, ‘Niko niko berry’ has almost the same levels of susceptibility as ‘Tochiotome’ against anthracnose and Fusarium wilt, but ‘Niko niko berry’ is stronger than ‘Tochiotome’ against powdery mildew.

 

第88号抄録

原著

宮城県のイチゴ超促成栽培におけるクラウン温度制御の効果

高山詩織,後藤直子*1,岩崎泰永*2,菅野亘*1,高野岩雄*3,鹿野弘*4

（*1元先端プロ専属研究員　*2現農研機構東北農業研究センター　*3元農業・園芸総合研究所　*4現美里農業改良普及センター）

Effect of crown-temperature control on the growth and yield of strawberry transplanted in August in forcing culture in Miyagi prefecture

Shiori TAKAYAMA, Naoko GOTO, Yasunaga IWASAKI, Wataru SUGENO,

 Iwao TAKANO and Hiroshi KANO

宮城県の促成栽培用イチゴの主要品種‘もういっこ’および‘とちおとめ’を用い,クラウン部の温度20℃を目標としたクラウン温度制御が,超促成栽培における生育と収量に及ぼす影響について検討した。‘もういっこ’では8月下旬定植でクラウン温度制御により増収し,‘とちおとめ’では8月中旬定植で同様に増収した。冬季にクラウン加温の時間帯を検討したところ,終日加温と早朝～日没後加温の収量が同等であったことから,厳冬期の加温時間を短縮することが可能と考えられた。また,定植後からのクラウン冷却,冬季のクラウン加温,翌年春季の冷却を組み合わせることで,平均1果重は重くなり,3月以降の収量が増加した。最後に,ハウス内気温を最低温度5℃・換気温度30℃でクラウン温度制御を行うと,最低気温10℃・換気温度25℃でクラウン温度制御しない場合と比較して総収量は50％増加した。以上の結果から,宮城県において超促成栽培でクラウン温度制御を行う場合,定植は8月中旬～下旬,クラウン温度制御は定植後からの冷却・冬季加温・翌年春季冷却の組合せ,クラウン加温の時間帯は早朝～日没後加温とし,ハウス内気温は最低気温5℃・換気温度30℃が適切であることが明らかとなった。

〔キーワード〕　イチゴ,クラウン温度制御,超促成栽培,‘もういっこ’,‘とちおとめ’

＜Summary＞

We conducted the several experiments to clarify the effective use of crown-temperature control for strawberries from 2013 to 2016 in Miyagi prefecture using ‘Mouikko’ and ‘Tochiotome’, which were major cultivars in our region. In experiment 1, crown-temperature control(cooling) effectively promoted flowering of the second cluster, as the result of the promotion of the flower bud differentiation in both cultivars. It also increased the number of achene, and consequently the weight of fruit. In experiment 2, the crown-temperature control was able to promote flowering of the second cluster when transplanted after late August in ‘Mouikko’, mid-August in ‘Tochiotome’. In experiment 3, on the operation schedule of crown-temperature control (heating) in winter, there was no difference in yield of strawberry between continuous operation and time-limited operation (4:30 to 20:30). In experiment 4, on the cooling effect in spring, crown-temperature control increased yield in both cultivars compared to those of control (without crown-temperature control). In experiment 5, the combination of greenhouse temperature control and crown-temperature control was investigated. The results showed that the crown-temperature control with the minimum nighttime temperature setting of 5°C and the daytime ventilation temperature setting of 30°C increased the total yield by 50%, compared to the no crown-temperature control with the minimum nighttime temperature of 10°C and the daytime ventilation temperature of 25°C. This increase in yield was suggested to be due to the higher carbon dioxide concentration in the greenhouse caused by the higher ventilation temperature.
 From the above results, the effective use of crown-temperature control in Miyagi prefecture was clarified. The planting time could be earlier from mid to late August. The operation time of heating should be from 4:30 to 20:30. A minimum night temperature of 5°C and a daytime ventilation temperature of 30°C are the most appropriate for crown-temperature control.

 

第88号抄録

原著

寒冷地のスプレーギク冬季栽培におけるEOD-heating処理と多段階変夜温管理を組み合わせた温度制御による燃油消費量削減

足立陽子,佐々木厚,津田花愛,道園美弦*

（*農研機構野菜花き部門）

Fuel oil consumption reduction by multi-step time-dependent night temperature management using short-term end-of-day heating on winter-cultivated spray-type chrysanthemums in cool climate region

Yoko ADACHI, Atsushi SASAKI, Kana TSUDA and Mitsuru DOUZONO*

寒冷地のスプレーギクの厳冬期を経過する作型において,生産にかかるエネルギー投入量を削減するため,日没後短時間の昇温処理（EOD（End-of-Day）-heating）と多段階の変夜温管理を組み合わせた温度管理（以下,多段EODhと略す）がスプレーギクの開花および切り花品質に及ぼす影響と燃油消費量削減効果を調査した。
　その結果,多段EODh処理を行うと慣行の一定夜温管理と比べておおむね同等の到花日数で商品性が高い切り花が得ることができ,燃油消費量を削減できることが明らかになった。

〔キーワード〕　スプレーギク,12月出荷栽培,3月出荷栽培,寒冷地,EOD-heating,燃油消費量削減

＜Summary＞

In order to reduce the amount of energy input for production in the cropping type that passes through the severe winter season of spray-type chrysanthemum,we investigated the effect of temperature control that combines end-of-day(EOD)-heating treatment and multi-step time-dependent night temperature management on the flowering and cut flower quality of spray-type chrysanthemum and on reducing fuel consumption.

1 Examination in December flowering cultivation

In the December flowering cultivation of spray-type chrysanthemum, when temperature control (Table 1) was performed by combining EOD-heating treatment and multi-step time-dependent night temperature management, cut flowers of the same quality as the conventional nighttime constant heating cultivation were obtained, and although flowering was delayed from 1th to 4th, it bloomed during the December demand period, and it became clear that fuel consumption could be reduced by 23.5% to 25.8%.

2 Examination in March flowering cultivation

In the March flowering cultivation of spray-type chrysanthemum, when temperature control (Table 2) was performed by combining EOD-heating treatment and multi-step time-dependent night temperature management, cut flowers of the same quality as the conventional nighttime constant heating cultivation were obtained, and although flowering was delayed from 1th to 3th, it bloomed during the March Higan demand period, and it became clear that fuel consumption could be reduced by 17.1% to 18.9%. In addition, the income rate was 20.4% in conventional cultivation, but it became 26.1% in cultivation with multi-step EODh treatment, and the income rate increased by 5.7%.