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農業・園芸総合研究所研究報告
第83号:2016年3月発行
第83号抄録
原著
組織培養によるワサビの増殖および順化
遠藤柳子,大久保哲子,澤里昭寿,山村真弓
Propagation and Transplanting of Wasabi (Wasabia japonica (Miq.)Matsum.)
through Tissue Culture
Ryuko ENDO, Tetsuko OKUBO, Akitoshi SAWASATO and Mayumi YAMAMURA
組織培養による効率的なワサビ苗生産を目的として,増殖培地,継代培養時のシュート塊の分割および順化温度について検討した。その結果,増殖培地の組成は,増殖率および順化での活着率からみて1/2MS+BA0.05mg/l+しょ糖30g/l+ゲランガム2g/lが適すると思われた。継代培養時にシュート塊を分割して移植すると,増殖率は3.1倍で,分割しない場合の1.3倍より高く,分割すると増殖率が向上した。また,順化における活着率が80%以上の順化温度は,未発根シュートでは15~20℃,発根苗では5~25℃であり,適温下で順化できるのであれば,植付作業が容易で,発根培養のステップを省略できる未発根シュートを順化することによって,苗生産の効率化が図られると思われた。
〔キーワード〕ワサビ,組織培養,増殖,順化
<Summary>
In order to establish an efficient technique for propagating wasabi through tissue culture, experiments on propagation culture, separation of axillary buds, and temperature of transplanting axillary buds were carried out.
The suitable medium for propagation was 1/2 concentration of MS medium, containing 0.05mg/l BA, 30g/l sucrose and 2g/l Gellan Gum. Rooting rate at transplanting was high, when shoots were cultured on this medium.
The separation of axillary buds on subculture was efficient for shoot propagation. When the shoots were separated at the time of subculturing, the propagation rate was 3.1 times higher than that of original axillary buds and 1.3 times higher when they were not separated, counted after five weeks of subculture. The propagation rate rose when the shoots were separated.
When transplanting was carried out at 15-20 degrees Celsius, most non-rooted shoots grew to plantlets similar to rooted shoots (5-25 degrees is appropriate for transplanting rooted shoots). Thus rooting culture was not necessary before transplanting, and transplanting of non-rooted shoots was easier than rooted shoots. Omission of rooting culture and transplanting of non-rooted shoots were useful for efficient production of favorable wasabi nursery plants.
第83号抄録
原著
小ギクの交配で得られた実生個体の開花期および花色
瀬尾直美,板橋 建*,山口義昭,武井まゆ美,津田花愛
(*農業振興課)
The Flowering Time and Flower Color of SeedlingsObtained by Crossing of Small-flowered Chrysanthemum Cultivars
Naomi SEO, Takeru ITABASHI,Yoshiaki YAMAGUCHI, Mayumi TAKEI and Kana TSUDA
宮城県の気象条件下で需要期に開花する小ギク品種を育成するため,県内主要栽培品種を含む8月咲きおよび9月咲き小ギク18品種を相互交配し,得られた実生個体の自然開花期および花色の分離を調査した。その結果,定植した実生のうち,盆向け市場出荷が可能な開花期であった実生の割合は,8月咲き同士の組み合わせでは28.7~29.9%,8月咲きと9月咲きの組み合わせでは1.6~17.5%,9月咲き同士では0.2~1.2%であった。同様に彼岸向け市場出荷が可能な開花期であった実生の割合は,8月咲き同士の組み合わせでは3.5~5.0%,8月咲きと9月咲きの組み合わせでは6.4~16.5%,9月咲き同士では18.6~23.0%であった。花色の分離は,黄色同士の交配では黄色が100%,黄色と白色の交配では,黄色と白色系がほぼ1対3に分離した。白色同士の交配では,白色系出現率が約42.3~66.7%,紅色または赤色同士では,紅色系出現率が51.9~88.5%であった。
〔キーワード〕小ギク,交配,実生,開花期,花色
<Summary>
For breeding work with small-flowered chrysanthemum flowering at demand season, the normal flowering date and flower color of seedlings obtained by intercrossing of 18 small-flowered chrysanthemum cultivars which bloom in August or September containing major cultivars in Miyagi prefecture were investigated.
As a result, 28.7~29.9% of the progenies from August flowering parents, 1.6~17.5% of those from August and September flowering parents and 0.2~1.2% of those from the cross of September flowering parents bloomed right at the market for the Bon festival. On the contrary, 3.5~5.0% of the progenies from August flowering parents, 6.4~16.5% of those from August and September flowering parents and 18.6~23.0% of those from September flowering parents bloomed right at the market for the autumn Buddhist services. Therefore, to obtain the chrysanthemum plants flowering at demand season, the cross of August flowering varieties or September flowering varieties is efficient, but the cross between August and September flowering varieties is possible for introduction of another characters.
On the segregation of the flower color, the progenies from the cross of two yellow varieties displayed 100% yellow and the ratio of yellow to white on those from the cross combination of yellow and white was 1 to 3. The frequency of whitely flower was 42.3~66.7% of the progenies from the cross of whites and that of magenta-colored flower was 51.9~88.5% of the progenies from the cross of magentas. Consequently, when a particular color is desired, use that color in both parents to produce progeny of the desired color range is efficient.
第83号抄録
原著
トレビスの収量に及ぼす作型,品種,施肥量の影響
澤里 昭寿
The Influences of Cropping Type, Variety and Fertilization Quantity on Yield of Red Chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) cv. Radicchio rosso di Chioggia
Akitoshi SAWASATO
トレビスは西洋料理に広く用いられる食材であり,イタリア野菜の生産者にとって有望な品目の一つである。本研究では宮城県内でトレビス生産の収量を安定させる作型,品種,施肥量を検討した。その結果,収量が安定する作型は春作では3月中旬播種,4月中旬定植,7月上旬までの収穫,秋作では7月中旬播種,8月中旬定植,12月上旬までの収穫と考えられた。いずれの作型も供試品種の中では「TSGI-010」の収量が安定しており,基肥施用量は成分量でN,P2O5,K2O各1.0kg/aが適していた。
〔キーワード〕トレビス,収量,作型,抽だい,品種,施肥量
<Summary>
Radicchio rosso di Chioggia is a member of the Chicory (Cicorium intybus) family. Chioggia, a principal type of radicchio, has a red and white, round head. This study investigated the effects the cropping types, varieties, and the fertilization quantity had on the yield of radicchio rosso di Chioggia.
In early summer harvest cropping type, the proper time to sow radicchio Chioggia is the middle of March, to transplant the seedlings is the middle of April, and to harvest is of July. In fall harvest cropping type, the proper time to sow radicchio Chioggia is the middle of July, to transplant the seedlings is the middle of August, and to harvest is early December. In both cases, the highest-yielding variety is ‘TSGI-010’, and the appropriate quantity of fertilization is 1.0kg/a nitrogen, phosphoric acid, and potassium.
第83号抄録
原著
ラズベリーの高品質果実生産のための栽培技術体系の確立
柴田昌人,高嶋名世瑠*,上山啓一**,池田裕章***,菊地秀喜
(*農業振興課, **美里農業改良普及センター, ***病害虫防除所)
Establishment of the Culture System for High Quality Fruit Production of Raspberries
Masato SHIBATA,Naseru TAKASHIMA,Keiiti KAMIYAMA,Hiroaki IKEDA and Hideki KIKUCHI
ラズベリーの高品質果実生産のため根域制限方法,施肥量,灌水量および剪定方法について検討した。根域制限方法は,地下30cm程度根が伸長できる条件を整えれば栽培が可能であり,不織布を利用した植栽箱の利が有効であった。施肥量は,基肥窒素として結果母枝3本当たり4~6g,追肥は葉色を指標に1回あたり2g程度が適切であった。灌水量は,‘サマーフェステバル’では灌水開始点をpF2.3とすることで果実糖度が高く,十分な吸枝の発生数が確保できた。剪定方法は,秋果着生部のみを剪除し,1m当たりの結果母枝数を‘サマーフェステバル’では3本,‘サウスランド’では6~7本とすることで1t/10aの収量が得られた。
〔キーワード〕ラズベリー,根域制限,施肥量,剪定,灌水量
<Summary>
Examinations were carried out on root zone restriction methods, quantity of fertilization, irrigation methods, and pruning methods for the production of high-quality raspberries. The root zone restriction method was possi-ble when accommodating the extension of roots up to 30 cm underground, and the usage of planting boxes of non-woven fabric was efficient.When nitrogen was provided as basal application for the suitable amount of applied fertilizer was 4-6g per 3 fruiting mother shoots, and additional fertilizing of around 2 g each time was appropriate with consideration of leaf color. By setting the irrigation starting point at pF2.3, the fruit had a high sugar content and the plant was able to produce plenty of suckers.As for the pruning method, the parts which had fruit in autumn were pruned. By pruning 3 fruiting mother shoots per meter for ‘Summer Festival’ and 6 or 7 for ‘Southland’, a yield of 1t/10a was achieved.
第83号抄録
原著
津波被災畑地ほ場に特有なクラストの発生とその抑制対策について
大鷲高志,玉手英行*
(*東部地方振興事務所農業振興部)
The Appearance Conditions and Control Treatment of Soil Crust in
Tsunami-Affected Horticulture Field
Takashi OOWASHI and Hideyuki TAMATE
東日本大震災の津波被災畑地ほ場では大量のナトリウムが土壌粒子表面に吸着したことで土壌の団粒構造が破壊され,降雨後にクラストが発生しやすくなっている。クラストは土壌中のナトリウム濃度が高いほど短期間に発生しやすく,作物の出芽を阻害し,園芸生産に大きな影響を及ぼす。
クラスト発生を抑制する方法を検討したところ,降雨による地表面の衝撃を緩和し土壌粒子の拡散を防ぐための不織布の設置,土壌粒子間の凝集を低減するための土壌表層への堆肥の混和,土壌物理性全体を改善するための緑肥の施用が有効であった。
〔キーワード〕津波被災畑地ほ場,クラスト,土壌中ナトリウム,不織布,堆肥,緑肥
<Summary>
The Great East Japan Earthquake and the ensuing tsunami caused severe damage to large areas of horticulture fields in Miyagi prefecture, due to the breakdown of soil aggregate structure by Na adsorption to soil particles.
Soil crust is caused by Na accumulation, which inhibits the sprouting of crops. A more effective soil crust control technique is the installation of non-woven agricultural covering sheets on the soil surface.
These ease the impact of rain on the soil surface and prevent diffusion of soil particles. Other methods include applying mixed compost to the soil surface (0-5cm) to prevent soil solidification or and applying mixed green manure crops to the cultivated layer to improve the physical properties of the soil.
学会誌抄録
宮城県内における津波被災を受けた園芸農地中のCl-とNa+濃度の変動
玉手英行1,上山啓一1,2
(1 農業・園芸総合研究所,2 美里農業改良普及センター)
Fluctuations in concentration of Cl─ and Na+ in horticultural farmland soil in Miyagi prefecture,
post─disaster of tsunami by the Tohoku earthquake
Hideyuki TAMATE and Keiichi KAMIYAMA
学会誌抄録
赤色電球形蛍光ランプによる暗期中断時間と光強度がスプレーギクの開花と花房の形状に及ぼす影響
佐々木厚*,吉村正久**,鈴木誠一,森山厳與,金浜耕基
(*現在:東部地方振興事務所農業振興部兼石巻農業改良普及センター,**現在:農産園芸環境課)
Effects of Irradiation Time and Light Intensity for Night-break
Using Compact Self-ballasted Fluorescent Lamps of Red Light on the Flowering
and Spray Formation of Spray-type Chrysanthemums
Atsushi Sasaki*, Tadahisa Yoshimura** , Seiichi Suzuki, Takayoshi Moriyama and Koki Kanahama
学会誌抄録
催色期に収穫したカラーピーマン果実の着色促進に関する要因について
吉田千恵*,高橋正明,岩崎泰永**,古野伸典,松永啓,永田雅靖
a現在:東部地方振興事務所登米地域事務所,
b現在:独立行政法人農業・食品産業技術総合研究機構野菜茶業研究所武豊野菜研究拠点
Factors Affecting Color Development in Sweet Pepper (Capsicum annuum L)
Fruit Harvested at Breaker Stage of Mature-green Fruit
Chie Yoshida*, Masaaki Takahashi, Yasunaga Iwasaki** , Shinsuke Furuno,
Hiroshi Matsunaga and Masayasu Nagata
学会抄録
紫外光照射(UV-B)によるイチゴ病害抑制効果
関根崇行*,近藤誠**,伊藤博祐*,辻英明*,山田真***
(* 農業・園芸総合研究所,** 農業・園芸総合研究所,現在:農産園芸環境課,
*** パナソニック株式会社)
Inhibitory Effect of UV-B Radiation on Some Strawberry Diseases
Takayuki SEKINE*, Makoto KONDO**, Hirosuke ITO*, Hideaki TUJI* and Makoto YAMADA***
学会抄録
稲発酵粗飼料(イネWCS)の広域流通におけるシステムのモデル化と流通組織の機能
―宮城県農業公社を事例として―
伊藤和子,藤森英樹*,関野幸二**,石川志保***,大森裕俊****
(*農研機構東北農業研究センター,**農研機構中央農業総合研究センター,
***農産園芸環境課,****亘理農業改良普及センター)
A Wide Area Distribution System Model of the Rice Fermentation Roughage
A case study of Miyagi agriculture public corporation
Kazuko Ito (Miyagi Prefectural Institute of Agriculture and Horticulture)
Hideki Fujimori (NARO Tohoku Agricultural Research Center)
Koji Sekino (NARO Agricultural Research Center)
Shiho Ishikawa (Miyagi Prefectural Agricultural Products and Horticulture Environment Division)
Hirotoshi Omori (Miyagi Prefectural Watari Agricultural Improvement and Development Center)
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